Everything about Subdominant totally explained
In
music, the
subdominant is the technical name for the fourth tonal degree of the
diatonic scale. It is so called because it's the same distance "below" the
tonic as the
dominant is above the tonic - in other words, the tonic is the dominant of the subdominant. It is also the
note immediately "below" the dominant
(External Link
). In the C
major scale (white keys on a piano, starting on C), the subdominant is the
note F; and the subdominant
chord uses the notes F, A, and C. In
music theory, the subdominant chord is symbolized by the
Roman numeral IV if it's within the major mode (because it's a major
triad, for example F-A-C in C major) or iv if it's within the minor mode (because it's a minor triad, for example F-A-C in C minor).
A cadential subdominant chord followed by a tonic chord (the chord of the key of the piece) produces the so-called "plagal" (or "Amen")
cadence.
"Subdominant" also refers to a relationship of musical keys. For example, relative to the key of C major, the key of F major is the subdominant. Music which modulates (changes key) often modulates into the subdominant when the
leading tone is lowered by half step to the
subtonic (B to B in the key of C). Modulation into the subdominant key often creates a sense of musical relaxation; as opposed to modulation into
dominant (fifth note of the scale), which increases tension.
In
sonata form, the subdominant key plays a subordinate though still crucial role: typically, in the
recapitulation, there's a section written in the subdominant key, occurring at the point corresponding to the location in the
exposition where the music modulated into the dominant key. The use of the subdominant in this location often serves as a way of keeping the rest of recapitulation in the tonic.
The
subdominant diatonic function acts as a dominant preparation and in theories after
Hugo Riemann is considered to balance the dominant around the tonic.
Further Information
Get more info on 'Subdominant'.
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